Saturday, April 25, 2020

COME ALONG CLAMP


This clamp is used for holding conductor & ground wire in the overhead lines. It can be used whenever a Conductor or a Rope made of Aluminum, Aluminum/ Steel, Copper or Steel has to be stretched.
These clamps are available in multiple diameter, weight and design that are ideal to use in electrical works. They are ideal to pull conductors as they are lightweight and compact in structure.

BENCH VICE

A vice is a mechanical apparatus used to secure an object to allow work to be performed on it. 
In electrical works, cutting does play an important role. Cutting an electrical conduit has to be secure enough so that a smart cut is made. A bench vice is a perfect way to do this. 
Bench vice is used to grip the job (object).

Bench vise has the following features:
1 Base Plate (permanently fixed on the working
table sides).
2 Fixed Jaw (fixed with Base Plate)
3 Moving Jaw (could be moved according to the
thickness of job)

Friday, April 24, 2020

EARTHING

Earthing means connection of non-current carrying parts (metallic parts) of electrical apparatus to the world to discharge power with none danger. Earthing is finished by connecting the appliance or machinery to earth by good conductor referred to as earth electrode. Earthing is finished to save lots of human life from the danger of reflex, just in case physical structure comes in contact with actor of electricity. If earthing is finished correctly and therefore the metallic part comes up-to-date with actor, it'll be discharged into the world. during this condition thanks to zero potential of earth an over sized amount of current flows to the world. If the current exceeds the limiting value of the fuse, it blows off or MCB trips and cuts off the appliance from supply.

UNIT CONSUMPTION'S

Unit= KWH

1 KWH = 1000 WH

W= watts
H = hours

For single phase

Watt = Voltage (V) * Current (A)* Cos phi * hours

For three phase

Watt =  √3 * Voltage (V) * Current (A)* Cos phi * hours

AC VOLTAGE SYSTEM


Single phase
Phase to neutral = 240 V
Three phase
Phase to Phase  = 415 V

POWER
For single phase
Watt = Voltage (V) * Current (A)* Cos phi
For three phase
Watt =  √3 * Voltage (V) * Current (A)* Cos phi

DIGITAL MEGGER


The Megger is the instrument uses for measuring the resistance of the insulation. It works on the principle of comparison, i.e., the resistance of the insulation is compared with the known value of resistance.





Wednesday, April 22, 2020

TOOLS OF ELECTRICIAN





When you work with appliance repair, you need to be familiar with working of the tools. You may already be familiar with the typical wrenches and screwdrivers.
Therefore, it is necessary to be sure that you are equipped with enough knowledge to properly use the tools that will be needed. Always remember to take them when you are working on a job.
Various tools and equipment are required for maintaining as well as erection of various electrical components. 
Therefore, it is necessary to know about various tools and equipment to operate them safely.



1. LINE TESTER
It is used to verify the presence of electric voltage in electrical equipment






2. PLIERS
A plier is used to hold objects like nuts and bolts firmly also used for cutting metal wires.










3. SCREW DRIVERS
It is used to turn, tighten or remove screws.









4. TEST LAMP
Test lamp  used to determine the presence of electricity in a piece of equipment under test.











5. SPANNER


D.E. SPANNER
It is used to provide grip to apply torque for turning objects such as nut or a bolt. A spanner is available with variable diameter to tighten nuts and bolts of various sizes.






RING SPANNER














6.ADJUSTABLE WRENCH

It is used to loosen or tighten a nut or bolt. It has a "jaw" which is of adjustable size.









7. ALLEN KEY SET
It is used for driving bolts and screws with a hexagonal socket.










8. FILE
It is used to remove fine amounts of material from a work-piece.










9. HACKSAW


It is principally made for cutting metal, but can also cut various other materials, such as plastic and wood.





10. TORCH

Torch or flashlight are used as a light source when in a place without electrical outlets, during power outages or when light is needed in a place where a wired lamp is difficult to use.







11. KNIFE

It is used to cut various objects, such as wires, cords, and tapes.







12. HAMMER

It is used to fix nails in walls and wood, fit parts, or forge metal and breaking different materials.







13. CRIMPING TOOL
It is used to conjoin two pieces of metal by deforming one or both of them in a way that causes them to hold each other.
14. MULTI METER
It is used to measure various electrical quantities like resistance, voltage, current, etc









15. LADDER
It is used to climb upwards to reach higher places.


Monday, April 20, 2020

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE).



PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) FOR ELECTRICIAN

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT



1. SAFETY HELMET ( सेफ्टी हेल्मेट)






Helmets are designed for falls protection and live wires while working on live lines.










2. GLOVES (दस्ताने)

Insulating gloves offer personal hand protection for workers against electrical shocks when working near or on live wires, cables and electrical equipment including substation switch-gear and transformers – risk assessment identifies electrical shock during the jointing of cables or excavating around live cables as a potential cause of accident which can be avoided when appropriate safety precautions and gloves are worn.


3. SAFETY SHOES (सेफ्टी शूज)

for a higher protection it would be better to wear EH polymeric boots with electrical resistance. Many workers of this sector prefer to use simple leather shoes with an EH (Electrical Hazard) marking, having the out sole with electrical isolation.





4. SAFETY JACKET (सेफ्टी जैकेट)


Flame resistant safety jacket to be used in the electrical industries include many standards for your protection and to meet compliance. Several of these electrician's safety jacket share multiple safety measures such as high  visible, fire resistance and Arc ratings.






5. SAFETY BELT OR HARNESS (सेफ्टी बेल्ट या हार्नेस)


safety harness is a system of restraints that prevent the wearer from falling from a height. By wearing the belt or harness the risk of injury from a fall is greatly reduced.








6. GOGGLES (गॉगल्स)


Safety glasses typically use a hard plastic lens, although toughened glass is also sometimes used. Safety glasses are often worn by construction workers, lab technicians, electricians, lineman, and many other trades where eye protection is required.



Sunday, April 19, 2020

REASONS OF ELECTRICAL ACCIDENTS (विद्युत दुर्घटना के कारण)

●Opening and closing of switches without permission or warning.
(बिना अनुमति या चेतावनी के स्विच खोलना और बंद करना).
●Working without PPE and proper tools (पीपीई और उचित उपकरणों के बिना काम करना).
●Wrong operation of switch-gears (स्विचगियर्स का गलत संचालन).
●Making safety devices inoperative(सुरक्षा उपकरणों को निष्क्रिय बनाना).
●Using unsafe equipment, wrong tools for the job or using hands instead of right tools. 
(असुरक्षित उपकरण, काम के लिए गलत उपकरण या सही उपकरण के बजाय हाथों का उपयोग करना)
Lack of knowledge (ज्ञान की कमी).
Lack of planning (नियोजन की कमी).
Breaking safety rules or instructions (सुरक्षा नियमों या निर्देशों को तोड़ना).
Failure to use protective devices (सुरक्षात्मक उपकरणों का उपयोग करने में विफलता).
Use of Defective tools, materials and machines

(दोषपूर्ण उपकरण, सामग्री और मशीनों का उपयोग).
Carelessness on the part of the persons(व्यक्तियों की ओर से लापरवाही).
Working in a hurry(जल्दबाजी में काम करना).
Lack of concentration (ध्यान की कमी).
Lack of common sense (सामान्य ज्ञान का अभाव).
Overconfidence (अति आत्मविश्वास).
Un-authorized working on lines (अन-अधिकृत रूप से लाइनों पर काम करना).
Wrong line clearance (गलत लाइन क्लीयरेंस).

●Distracting, teasing, joking, quarreling,  annoying.

(विचलित करना, चिढ़ाना, मज़ाक करना, झगड़ा करना, गुस्सा करना).

Saturday, April 18, 2020

WHY SAFETY IS REQUIRED Iसुरक्षा की आवश्यकता क्यों हैI?

To safeguard the self, fellow employees and public (स्वयं, साथी कर्मचारियों और जनता की सुरक्षा के लिए).
To safeguard the machines and equipment's (मशीनों और उपकरणों की सुरक्षा के लिए).
To safeguard materials (सामग्री की सुरक्षा के लिए).
To reduce down time due to non-availability of men and machines or service
 (पुरुषों और मशीनों या सेवा की अनुपलब्धता के कारण समय कम करने के लिए).
To increase productivity by reducing idle due to manpower loss. 
(जनशक्ति हानि के कारण निष्क्रिय को कम करके उत्पादकता बढ़ाने के लिए)
To discharge the social commitment of a responsible industrial house.  (एक जिम्मेदार औद्योगिक घराने की सामाजिक प्रतिबद्धता का निर्वहन करना)

Wednesday, April 15, 2020

MAIN FEATURES OF DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER


OUTDOOR,OIL COOLED, 3 PHASE,50HZ.
PRIMARY IS DELTA  CONNECTED AND SECONDARY IS STAR CONNECTED.
NATURALLY COOLED (ONAN TYPE).
AMONG-ST ALL THE TYPES OF TRANSFORMERS THIS IS THE MOST REQUIRED AND MOST USED TYPE.

PARTS OF TRANSFORMER



MAIN TANK

RADIATORS

CONSERVATOR

EXPLOSION VENT

LIFTING LUGS

AIR RELEASE PLUG

OIL LEVEL INDICATOR

TAP CHANGER

HV/LV BUSHINGS

FILTER VALVES

                                                                            OIL FILLING PLUG

                                                                            DRAIN PLUG

                                                                            CABLE BOX

                                                                            BREATHER

                                                                            BUCHHOLZ RELAY

                                                                            MOG